TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot)
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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a rare and complex congenital heart defect that affects the normal flow of blood through the heart. It is one of the most common cyanotic heart diseases in children, accounting for approximately 10% of all congenital heart defects. TOF is characterized by four distinct heart abnormalities that occur together, disrupting the heart’s ability to pump oxygen-rich blood to the body efficiently.
The four defects include:
Children born with TOF typically show signs of cyanosis—a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and nails—due to insufficient oxygen in the blood. Fortunately, early surgical repair has revolutionized the outlook for children with TOF, and most can lead healthy, active lives with proper medical follow-up.
Tetralogy of Fallot arises during fetal development, typically in the first eight weeks of pregnancy when the heart is forming. The exact cause of TOF is often unknown, but several genetic and environmental factors may contribute:
Chromosomal abnormalities such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome), Down syndrome, or other genetic mutations
Inherited heart defects from parents or siblings
Poorly controlled diabetes
Phenylketonuria (PKU) in the mother
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SurgeryPlanet is a Healthcare Facilitator, NOT a Medical Service Provider. This page contains general information only. No outcome is guaranteed. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making treatment decisions.