Autotransfusion cell saver system is a hospital-based blood management medical device designed to collect blood lost during (and sometimes after) surgery, process it, and return the patient’s own red blood cells (RBCs) when clinically appropriate and permitted by facility policy. It sits at the intersection of operating room efficiency, transfusion stewardship, and safety-critical workflow—because it involves real-time handling of human blood under time pressure.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECMO system is a high-acuity life-support medical device designed to temporarily support gas exchange (oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal) and, in some configurations, circulatory support by pumping blood through an external circuit and membrane oxygenator.

Retinoscope is a handheld ophthalmic medical device used to perform **objective refraction**—an estimate of refractive error based on how light reflects from the patient’s retina. Unlike subjective refraction (which depends on patient responses), Retinoscope supports assessments when communication is limited, time is constrained, or a quick cross-check is needed.

Prism bar set is a simple but highly practical clinical device used in eye care to quantify ocular misalignment and related binocular vision findings. In everyday terms, it is a set of prism “bars” with graduated prism strengths that clinicians hold in front of the patient’s eye(s) during standardized tests (commonly cover-test–based methods) to estimate the magnitude and direction of a deviation.

Occluder paddle is a simple but essential piece of ophthalmic medical equipment used to temporarily block (occlude) one eye during vision assessment and binocular vision testing. You will see it in outpatient eye clinics, emergency settings, inpatient consult workflows, pediatric screening programs, and preoperative or postoperative assessments where clinicians need quick, repeatable, low-risk occlusion without applying anything directly to the eye.